Keywords
predator
exotic
fauna
flora
impact
invasive
How to Cite
Abstract
Exotic and invasive species can affect biodiversity and alter the environmental conditions of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to provide updated information on the main exotic and invasive species of fauna, flora, and fungi recorded in El Salvador. To this end, relevant publications and databases were reviewed, complemented by field observations conducted over approximately 25 years. The species were classified according to their status and the environmental impact recorded in the country. The presence of one macroalga and three plant species was confirmed, including Pistia stratiotes, whose geographic origin remains uncertain; one parasitic species of the kingdom Fungi; and fifteen aquatic animal species. Among the invasive species with evident negative impacts, Pontederia crassipes and P. stratiotes have caused environmental and economic damage, while the abundance of Oreochromis niloticus and Parachromis managuensis reflects alterations in fish population structure. Likewise, Vieja guttulata, recorded in Lake Coatepeque, is of undetermined origin and is not considered invasive due to its low abundance. The results highlight the need for continued monitoring of aquatic biodiversity and environmental parameters to determine the degree of invasion or coverage of exotic and invasive species currently present, as well as those that may appear in the future, in order to guide the adoption or adaptation of appropriate control measures by users and national authorities.
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